Into the Snowy Mountains

 

We had an absolutely perfect day for hiking into the snow-covered Wasatch Mountains. The snow wasn't quite deep enough for me to use my snowshoes but my daughter and son-in-law used theirs. We only hiked a couple of miles but the views were spectacular. The snow was a light powder that covered solid ice. It was warm enough in the sun that we shed our coats and gloves. A beautiful day. 

Washington Monument in the Winter

 Washington, D.C. can't decide if it is in the north or the south. It can be hot and muggy in the Summer or freezing cold with wind in the Winter. We happened to be downtown on a very cold and windy day. We had to walk backward to keep our faces from freezing. We are now in Provo, Utah and the cold winter weather here makes Washington D.C. look balmy in comparison. 

Lumber Wagon, Bannack, Montana

 

There does not seem to be enough left of this old lumber wagon to determine its original manufacturer. I found this by the side of the road in the ghost town of Bannack, Montana. I am fascinated by old wagons and machinery. 

Jail with a Sod Roof, Montana's First Jail, Bannack, Montana

 

This building was the first jail in Montana. It also has a sod roof. Sod is made of blocks of grass with the dirt still attached. You can read about some of the history of this jail in an article entitled, "Montana's First Jail is in Bannack, the Town that hanged its Sheriff." 

The Morning Breaks

 I can see Mount Timpanogos from my front window, so when I look out and see a photo op, I run outside with my camera in the cold and take a shot or two or more. This was one of those mornings when the light was perfect and even though it was below freezing, I didn't have to stay outside without a coat for that long. Here are the words to The Morning Breaks, a hymn.

The morning breaks, the shadows flee;
Lo, Zion’s standard is unfurled!
The dawning of a brighter day,
The dawning of a brighter day
Majestic rises on the world.

 

Nightfall over Utah Valley

 

We decided to try and see the Great Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn. Finally, in between the clouds, we caught a glimpse of the two planets. We will try again to see the Conjunction if there are no clouds. Meanwhile I got some lovely photos of the Valley just as the sunset was beginning to fade. 

An Old Barn in Bannack, Montana

 

Some ghost towns get more traffic and visitors than when they were alive and kicking. Bannack, Montana is a gem of a ghost town. Here is a short description from Wikipedia" Bannack Montana:

Bannack is a ghost town in Beaverhead County, Montana, United States, located on Grasshopper Creek, approximately 11 miles (18 km) upstream from where Grasshopper Creek joins with the Beaverhead River south of Dillon. Founded in 1862, the town contemporarily operates as a National Historic Landmark and is managed by the state of Montana as Bannack State Park.

Founded in 1862 and named after the local Bannock Indians, Bannack was the site of a major gold discovery in 1862, and served as the capital of Montana Territory briefly in 1864, until the capital was moved to Virginia City. Bannack continued as a mining town, though with a dwindling population. The last residents left in the 1970s. 

Sea Anemones

 

Here is a short description of these lovely under-sea animals. 

Sea anemones are the marine, predatory animals of the order Actiniaria. They are named after the anemone, a terrestrial flowering plant, because of the colorful appearance of many. Sea anemones are classified in the phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa, subclass Hexacorallia. As cnidarians, sea anemones are related to corals, jellyfish, tube-dwelling anemones, and Hydra. Unlike jellyfish, sea anemones do not have a medusa stage in their life cycle.

Over the years, I have been snorkeling in the ocean and visited a lot of marine animal exhibits but when you live your whole life in the desert and mountains, you are not really well acquainted with the oceans. I have enjoyed the time spent on the beaches of North and Central America however. 

Point Loma, Cabrillo National Monument, California

 

Beaches with rocks are more interesting to me than those with sand. We had a lovely day taking in the sights around San Diego, California. While we lived in Mesa, we would take regular trips to San Diego. One of the things I miss most about the current social distancing is our inability to safely travel. Looking ahead, with vaccinations, we might be able to take some trips during the coming year. 

Pineapples

 We become so accustomed to what were once very exotic fresh foods that we forget that just a few years ago, these foods were only available canned or during a limited season of the year. I just went to a store and bought some navel oranges in December. In the United States, navel oranges only ripen in January and February. Pineapple grows in the topics and so could be available year-round but we rely on a long and expensive transportation system. In the United States, "pineapple still comes from either Hawaii or Puerto Rico, though there is small-scale production in parts of Florida and California. The bulk of pineapple consumed in the United States, however, comes from imports by way of Central and South American or Mexican grower-shippers." See https://www.producebluebook.com/know-your-commodity/pineapple/#

Yams

 

You either like yams a lot or you tolerate them or you refuse to eat them. I happen to love yams. Here is a short explanation about what they are from Wikipedia: Yam (Vegetable). 

Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae) that form edible tubers. Yams are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in many temperate and tropical regions, especially in Africa, South America and the Caribbean, Asia, and Oceania. The tubers themselves, also called "yams", come in a variety of forms owing to numerous cultivars and related species.

We have them regularly when they are available and also for special occasions like Christmas and Thanksgiving (US). 

A Lot of Pennies

 Over the past few years, I have almost completely stopped carrying any "change" with me when I am shopping. We do all our purchases with cards. Once and while, for whatever reason, I have to pay with cash so I might end up with some change. The pennies go into my penny bank which is in the shape of a pig. I did a little research and there are about 130 billion pennies in circulation in 2020 in the United States. One interesting fact is that the penny accounts for the largest amount of loss for the U.S. Mint. From 2009-2019 the U.S. Mint produced pennies at a total loss of $586,000,000. In 2019 the loss was $73,000,000. See https://www.lx.com/money/pennies-for-your-thoughts/17579/ I have no idea what I can do with all my pennies. I guess I could put them in rolls of 50 and deposit them in the bank. 

The Utah Lake Shoreline Trail about to change

 

The short Utah Lake Shoreline Trail on the east side of the Lake is about to dramatically change. The ongoing Provo River Delta Restoration Project will cut this portion of the trail to open up the delta to the lake. Here is a screenshot of the map showing the new trail alignment. 

https://www.provoriverdelta.us/prjmap

We hope we live long enough to see the end product of all this planning and work. 

Death Valley, California Texture and Form

 

I wouldn't say that trees, green grass, flowers, water, and snow-capped mountains are a distraction but there is a purity of form and texture to the landscape in Death Valley, California. This photo has no plants that I can see and nothing else to cover the bones of the earth. I grew up around the clay hills of northeastern Arizona often referred to as the Painted Desert and these hills look just about the same except for the immensity of their space. Everything you see is evidence of past rainfalls but it hardly ever rains and I can hardly imagine how much time it took to create this eroded landscape. 

A Death Valley Wash

 

There are very few places in the United States where there is almost no vegetation. Death Valley National Park is one of those places. If you look very closely at this photo, you can see some small bushes and other plants along the edge of the wash. Here is the desert Southwest, a "wash" is a watercourse that is dry except when there is sufficient rain. In Death Valley, there is seldom any rain but the extensive erosion shown in this photo is evidence of past rainfalls. Right now, in almost the entire western half of the United States there is a long-term drought. 

Evening Sunlight on Mount Timpanogos, Utah

I realize that this photo looks fake, but that is really the way the light looks at sunset when there is a lot of dust and pollution. This photo was taken in December and you can see that there is very little snow. The main reason for this is that most of Utah is presently in an Exceptional Drought Condition. Here is a screenshot of the drought conditions at the time of this photo from the United States Drought Monitor. 

Dinosaur Quarry, Dinosaur National Monument, Utah and Colorado

This is the Dinosaur Quarry at Dinosaur National Monument in both Utah and Colorado (The Quarry is actually in the Utah portion of the National Monument). The Quarry is now covered by the Quarry Exhibit Hall. Here is a quote from the National Park Service, Dinosaur National Monument website:

The Quarry Exhibit Hall allows visitors to view the wall of approximately 1,500 dinosaur bones in a refurbished, comfortable space. Here, you can gaze upon the remains of numerous different species of dinosaurs including Allosaurus, Apatosaurus, Camarasaurus, Diplodocus, and Stegosaurus along with several others. Exhibits, including an 80-foot long mural, reveal the story of these animals and many others that lived in the Morrison environment during the Late Jurassic. There are even several places where you can touch real 149 million-year-old dinosaur fossils!

Rangers are available to answer questions and occasionally give Junior Ranger programs or talks on different topics related to the quarry or dinosaurs throughout the day during the summer.

Excavation started back in 1909 and ended in 1990. See "The Real Story Behind the Dinosaur Quarry" for more information. 

Church of Our Lady, Bruges, Belgium

 Here is a description of the Church of our Lady in Bruges, Belgium from Wikipedia: Church of Our Lady, Bruges. 

The Church of Our Lady (Dutch: Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk) in Bruges, Belgium, dates mainly from the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. This church is essentially "...a monument to the wealth, sophistication, taste, and devotion of this most Catholic city, whose history and faith stand today celebrated in this wonderful building."

Its tower, at 115.6 metres (379 ft) in height, remains the tallest structure in the city and the second tallest brickwork tower in the world (after St. Martin's Church in Landshut, Germany).

The church demonstrates the Gothic style in the prominent Flying buttresses on the exterior which were constructed in the 1270s and 80s. The nave contains cross-vaults and black and white tiled flooring. The interior demonstrates the heavily ornamented Baroque style in the side aisles and chancel. One of the chapels in the church was created in 1482 for a wealthy man named Lodewijk van Gruuthuse, as his personal worship area.

A View from the Alhambra, Granada, Spain

 

I have always been fascinated by the view from windows. This photo is a classic window image. You can see the city framed in the walls of an ancient palace. It would almost seem like a fake image if I didn't click the camera and capture the image myself. I seldom get such a dramatic view from a window. Granada, Spain has about twice the population of Provo, Utah where I now live but beyond that statistic, it is as different from Provo as any city could possibly be. 

Tile Roofs in Spain #givethanks

 

Because I lived most of my life in the Salt River Valley of Arizona, I am very familiar with tile roofs. Our last house in Mesa, Arizona had a tile roof. These roofs, if well maintained, can last for decades. Of course, they are quite heavy and require a sturdy construction, not the flimsy wood-framed houses I see going up all over Utah Valley but once in place unless there is some exterior damage they are secure. 

I am thankful for all those things around me that add to my security and peace of mind. #givethanks

Wall Decoration from the Palace of King Carlos V, the Alhambra, Granada, Spain

 

Here is a short explanation of the Palace of Carlos V, King of Spain at the Alhambra in Granada, Spain.

The Palace of Charles V is a Renaissance building in Granada, southern Spain, located on the top of the hill of the Assabica, inside the Nasrid fortification of the Alhambra. The building has never been a home to a monarch and stood roofless until 1957.

The structure was commanded by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who wished to establish his residence close to the Alhambra palaces. Although the Catholic Monarchs had already altered some rooms of the Alhambra after the conquest of the city in 1492, Charles V intended to construct a permanent residence befitting an emperor. The project was given to Pedro Machuca, an architect whose biography and influences are poorly understood. At the time, Spanish architecture was immersed in the Plateresque style, still with traces of Gothic origin. Machuca built a palace corresponding stylistically to Mannerism, a mode still in its infancy in Italy. The exterior of the building uses a typically Renaissance combination of rustication on the lower level and ashlar on the upper. Even if accounts that place Machuca in the atelier of Michelangelo are accepted, at the time of the construction of the palace in 1527, the latter had yet to design the majority of his architectural works.

Flowers Gladen the Heart #GiveThanks

 

It is true, flowers gladden the heart. #GiveThanks. Here is a poem that might also gladden a few hearts. 

FLOWERS

They are autographs of angels, penned
In Nature’s green-leaved book, in blended tints,
Borrowed from rainbows and the sunset skies,
And written everywhere–on plain and hill,
In lonely dells, ‘mid crowded haunts of men;
On the broad prairies, where no eye save God’s
May read their silent, sacred mysteries. Thank God for flowers!
They gladden human hearts; Seraphic breathings part their fragrant lips
With whisperings of Heaven.

Albert Laighton 1829-1887

#givethanks

Color and Form #givethanks

 

I never seem to exhaust my love of flowers. This is likely a Magnolia tree. I found this lovely flower at the Alahambra in Spain. I like both the color and the form of this flower. I am thankful for all the flowers in the world. #givethanks

Rock Canyon, Utah in the Fall

 

A clear day in the late Fall greeted us on this walk into the canyon. I am so grateful for our beautiful world. I am also grateful to be living so close to the mountains. Although I am mostly too old to climb the rocks like I used to do, I enjoy seeing others with their ropes and protection devices climbing on the cliffs. #GiveThanks

Split Mountain Drawing

 

I have been experimenting with some of the Adobe apps. This is an image using the Shapes tool of Adobe Capture. Here is the original photo. 

You could also change this photograph into a solid shape using the texture and the colors. Here is what a shape might look like. 

I will continue exploring some of the options available to use photos in new ways. 

A Clear Windy Day at Utah Lake

 

Utah Valley has fewer extremes of weather than the Salt Lake Valley just to the north. When storms come through, they seem to move either south or north and the rain, snow, or wind passes us by. You can see that the mountains are covered with snow but the lake is not frozen and there is no snow on the ground. We continue to walk. We just bundle up and enjoy the cold fresh air. #givethanks

Mountain View along the Utah Lake Shore Trail

 Late Fall is sometimes cold and windy but every once in a while, we have a beautiful day of sunshine. The trees have lost their leaves and the grass in the Provo River Delta has turned golden but the clear sky and the lovely clouds make the view of Timpanogos magnificent. 

Rockfall in Rock Canyon, Utah

 

Rock Canyon Trail blocked by Rockfall

Rocks do fall. Most changes in the physical geography happen over long periods of time but landslides and rockfalls happen suddenly. This past week, this large boulder and all the rocks around it fell right in the middle of the Rock Canyon trail. It is unlikely that anyone witnessed this particular rockfall. It may have happened during a brief snowstorm. I have seen a few rockfalls over the years some caused intentionally and others, such as one on Lake Powell, that are spectacular. For those of you familiar with the Canyon, this rockfall occurred just up from the green Forest Service gate. 

Designs from the Alahambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain

Designs from the Alahambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain

The windows in this photo are a mashrabiya lattice found in Alahambra in Granada, Andalusia, Spain. Here is a definition of this architectural element from Wikipedia: Mashrabiya. 

A mashrabiya (Arabic: مشربية‎), also either shanshūl (شنشول) or rūshān (روشان), is an architectural element which is characteristic of traditional architecture in the Islamic world. It is a type of projecting oriel window enclosed with carved wood latticework located on the upper floors of a building, sometimes enhanced with stained glass. It was traditionally used to catch and passively cool the wind; jars and basins of water were placed in it to cause evaporative cooling.

Here is a list of some of the other architectural elements in the Alahambra including the mashrabiya from Thoughtco.com's "The Amazing Architecture of Spain's Alhambra."

• alfiz — the horseshoe arch, sometimes called a Moorish arch
• alicatado — geometric tile mosaics
• Arabesque — an English-language word used to describe the intricate and delicate designs found in Moorish architecture — what Professor Hamlin calls a "love of surface richness." So breathtaking is the exquisite craftsmanship that the word is also used to explain a delicate ballet position and a fanciful form of musical composition.
• mashrabiya — an Islamic window screen
• mihrab — prayer niche, usually in a Mosque, in a wall facing the direction of Mecca
• muqarnas — honeycomb stalactite-like arching similar to pendentives for vaulted ceilings and domes

 

The Alahambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain

 

The Alahambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain is a palace and fortress built beginning with a Roman fort in 889 CE. Construction of the present castle began in the mid-13th Century. You need tickets to enter and a tour takes a few hours including the waiting time to enter the castle. Once in the castles the tour is marvelous but only about an hour. 

Segovia, Spain: A castle on a hill

 

Taking photos of castles is difficult for the same reasons that they were constructed in the first place. A real castle, built for defense from a ground attack, is usually located on a high, steep hill, if one is available, to enhance the defenses of high walls and a moat. All of these factors are present with the castle in Segovia, Spain. This is the Alcázar of Segovia built. It started as a Roman fort and is first referenced in history in 1120 A.D and it has been reconstructed and maintained since that time. 

Altar in the Segovia Cathedral, Spain

 

While the pandemic rages around the world, I dream of returning to Europe and traveling around the United States again. I decided to jump from my photos in Utah Valley to Spain and a wonderful time exploring Segovia and other locations in that country. Because of my years spent living in South and Central America and my fluency in Spanish, Spain was, to me, the least foreign country I have visited in Europe. 

Pure Spring Water

 

When you live in the desert for most of your life, water that spontaneously gushes from the ground is very rare and extremely fascinating. I have visited a few huge springs in Arizona such as Fossil Springs and Thunder River, both of which are spectacular. Here in Utah spings are about as rare as in Arizona. This is one of the larger springs I have visited here in Utah. It is Cascade Springs in the Wasatch Mountains. 

Fall's Colors at Cascade Springs

 

We often associate Fall colors with bright colored leaves even though the muted colors of the other plants are just as impressive and beautiful. Cascade Springs is high up in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah and even though the roads are closed in Winter, Spring, Sumer, and Fall each have their attractions. Most of the trees had lost their leaves but the browns and golds were everywhere to be enjoyed. 

Walking on the Utah Lake Shoreline Trail

The mile-long Utah Lake Shoreline Trail is a peaceful and relatively short walk with views of Utah Lake. The old-growth trees on both sides of the trail give ample opportunity for bird-watching. Presently, the Provo River Delta along the eastside of the trail is being developed and eventually, this part of the trail will disappear and become part of the Delta and possibly the lake itself. We enjoy watching the development of the Delta but are sad to lose this lovely short walk. 

Along the shore

 

As I walk along the shore of Utah Lake, I see the world in patterns and color. The lake level varies with the seasons and the amount of snow and rain filtered through fast-growing urban areas. The demand for water in Utah far outreaches the supply. We are presently struggling with the balance between a sustainable environment and unrestricted growth. Just a short distance from the location of this photo, there is a major construction project making a new road across the Provo River Delta. This photo's location is also relatively near a major urban airport and a scattering of industrial developments. The future of this view will certainly be interesting. 

Late Fall at Cascade Springs, Utah

 October is a really good month for visiting different locations around the country. We were greeted by an exceptionally beautiful day at Cascade Springs in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah. The Spring was covered by a huge algae bloom. The white on the pond is not ice or snow, it is part of the algae bloom above the surface of the water. The colors of the plants and the blue sky were lovely additions. 

Algae on Cascade Springs, Utah

 My best guess is that this is some kind of algae. The white portion of the plant is sticking out of the water. This photo was taken in late October at Cascade Springs, Utah when there had been several days of severe frost. If you look closely you can see that the algae in the water turns white when above the surface. 

Late Fall Leaves in the Wasatch Mountains

 Most of the leaves are gone in the high country of the Wasatch Mountains but this hillside had a particularly spectacular second bloom of color. We love to get high up in the mountains You would never know that on the other side of these mountains is the largest concentration of population in Utah. 

Bending in the Winter's Snows

 

Here at about 8000 feet above sea level, the winter snow is deep enough to bend the trees as they grow. You can see that all the trees are bent towards the downhill slope. The amount of bend depends on the slope because they all get the same amount of snowfall. This image was taken on the Alpine Loop in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah but you can see the same bent tree effect all over the world in the high mountains. 

Waiting for the snow

 

This grove of aspen trees has lost its leaves and all the flowers and bushes on the ground have turned brown from the cold but there is still no snow. It is impressive to see these white trees against the dark blue sky. It is a beautiful day here at about 8000 feet up in the Wasatch Mountains along the Alpine Loop from Provo Canyon to American Fork Canyon. 

Limes

 

I lived in the Salt River Valley for most of my life. We were surrounded by citrus trees everywhere I lived once we moved to the edge of the city. We had oranges, grapefruit, lemons, tangerines, and sometimes limes. Unfortunately, the lime trees were overly sensitive to frost and would freeze every few years. Now that we live in Utah, we have to buy citrus in a store but we can't justify paying the prices they charge since we spent so many years basically getting all our citrus for the cost of watering and caring for the trees. 

Deer Creek Reservoir, Utah

 

Except for the higher mountains, most of Utah is very dry and technically a desert. Here is the current definition of a desert from the USGS article "What is a desert?"

There are almost as many definitions of deserts and classification systems as there are deserts in the world. Most classifications rely on some combination of the number of days of rainfall, the total amount of annual rainfall, temperature, humidity, or other factors. In 1953, Peveril Meigs divided desert regions on Earth into three categories according to the amount of precipitation they received. In this now widely accepted system, extremely arid lands have at least 12 consecutive months without rainfall, arid lands have less than 250 millimeters of annual rainfall, and semiarid lands have a mean annual precipitation of between 250 and 500 millimeters. Arid and extremely arid land are deserts, and semiarid grasslands generally are referred to as steppes.

In case you don't automatically convert metric measurements, here are the equivalents: 250 millimeters = about 10 inches and, of course, 500 mm is about 20 inches. Heber Valley where the Deer Creek Reservoir is located gets about 20 inches of rain a year making it right on the edge of the semi-arid definition. Where I live in Provo, we get about 18 inches of rain a year. The U.S. average rainfall across the entire country is about 38 inches of rain a year. However, currently, Utah County, where we live and the location of the Deer Creek Reservoir are both under an Exceptional Drought. The entire state has had less than an inch of rain in the last 60 days. 

Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia

 

A trip to Washington D.C. would not be complete without a visit to the Arlington National Cemetery. Here is a short description from the official website. 

The Office of Army Cemeteries (OAC), consisting of Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia and Soldiers’ and Airmen’s Home National Cemetery in Washington, D.C., is under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Army. The secretary of the Army consolidated authorities and created the executive director position to effectively and efficiently develop, operate, manage and administer the program.

Arlington National Cemetery conducts between 27 and 30 funeral services each weekday and between six and eight services on Saturday. The grounds honor those who have served our nation and provide a sense of beauty and peace for our guests. Rolling green hills are dotted with trees that are hundreds of years in age, complementing the gardens found throughout the cemetery's 639 acres. This impressive landscape serves as a tribute to the service and sacrifice of every individual laid to rest within these hallowed grounds.

I have been to the cemetery several times but on this trip, I took the opportunity to walk through most of the cemetery in the beautiful Fall weather. 

Heber Valley Railroad, Heber City, Utah

 

The Heber Valley Railroad runs from Heber City, Utah to Vivian Park in the Provo Canyon. Here is a description of the railroad from Wikipedia: Heber Valley Railroad.

The Heber Valley Railroad (HVRX) is a heritage railroad based in Heber City, Utah. It operates passenger excursion trains along a line between Heber City and Vivian Park, which is located in Provo Canyon. The HVRX carries over 110,000 passengers a year.

The railroad line is approximately 16 miles (26 km) long. A typical round trip ride on the train takes about 3 hours. There are a total of four passing sidings outside of the Heber yard limit. Notable landmarks seen from the train include Mount Timpanogos, Cascade Mountain, Deer Creek Dam and Reservoir, Provo River, Sundance Ski Resort, Tate Barn, and Soldier Hollow. A variety of wildlife including deer, eagles, fox, moose, turkeys, hawks, mountain lions (cougars), and beavers, have all been seen from the train as well.

We spent a very pleasant day trip driving to Heber City and taking a ride on the Railroad. It was a beautiful trip. 

Heber Valley Railroad Engine 300, Utah

 

This is Engine 300, a rare 0-6-0 type steam locomotive, now owned by the Heber Valley Railroad located in Heber City, Utah. Here is some background about this rare steam locomotive from SteamLocomotive.info.

No.300 spent all its working life as a switcher at the Columbia Steel Corporation's iron smelting plant at Ironton, Utah. The Ironton Works, as it was known, was one of the largest pig iron plants in the west, and was built beginning in 1922 by Columbia Steel on a 385-acre site near Springville. To move slag cars between the coking plant and blast furnaces, Columbia ordered a single 0-6-0 from Baldwin that was delivered in 1923 and numbered 200. By the next year the plant was in full production, and the first pig iron was produced. Coal (to be converted to coke for use in the by-product ovens) was mined locally and delivered to the plant by Columbia's own short line, the Carbon County Railway.

Columbia returned to Baldwin shortly after the plant opened for an additional 0-6-0, No.300, which was built and delivered in May 1925. Modern in design, the 300 features piston valves, power reverse and a Westinghouse cross-compound air compressor. By comparison, sister 200 was a bit older in design, having just one single-stage compressor. A slope-back tender was necessary for visibility while switching.